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Early 2000 Madagascar floods
In early 2000, severe flooding occurred in the African nation of Madagascar after Cyclone Leon-Eline and Severe Tropical Storm Gloria struck the nation within a two-week period. The first storm, Eline, formed on February 1, and took an extended track across the Indian Ocean, eventually making landfall near Mahanoro on February 17. On March 1, Gloria struck northeastern Madagascar, and like Eline, moved southwestward across the country.
==Meteorological history==
Ahead of the primary flooding in February 2000, a tropical disturbance persisted off the west coast of Madagascar in January.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Gary Padgett )〕 Rains from the system helped end previous drought conditions, while also causing flooding and damage. In Morombe, precipitation from the system reached the equivalence of the annual rainfall in just 36 hours.
On February 1, a low pressure area formed within the monsoon trough to the south of Indonesia, which would eventually become Tropical Cyclone Leon. The storm tracked westward across much of the Indian Ocean, fluctuating in strength due to changes in the atmosphere. After crossing 90° E, the Météo-France (MFR) began tracking the system as Tropical Storm Eline. The storm continued westward across the Indian Ocean and intensified greatly as it approached the east coast of Madagascar. Late on February 17, Eline made landfall near Mahanoro, with 10 minute maximum sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) according to the MFR. The storm rapidly weakened over land, but eventually restrengthened in the Mozambique Channel to make another damaging landfall in Mozambique. Eline dropped heavy rainfall in Madagascar, with a 24 hour total of at Ivato International Airport near the capital Antananarivo. The rains also caused flooding along Madagascar's west coast, which is usually spared from precipitation by mountains. Eline struck while Madagascar was in the midst of a cholera epidemic that had killed over 1,000 people.
While Eline was dissipating over southern Africa, another area of disturbed weather formed to the northeast of Madagascar, becoming a tropical disturbance on February 27. Moving generally westward toward the country, it intensified into Tropical Storm Gloria on March 1. Later that day, the MFR estimated that the storm reached peak 10 minute winds of 95 km/h (60 mph), before Gloria made landfall about 10 km (6 mi) north of Sambava. The storm moved southwestward across the country, gradually weakening and eventually moving into the Mozambique Channel. Gloria brought additional heavy rainfall to Madagascar,〔 with Mananjary reporting a two-day total of .〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2014-07-17 )〕 Nosy Be along the northwest coast recorded a 24 hour rainfall total of , which is over half the average monthly precipitation. Mananjary reported a two-day total of .〔 Later, Gloria produced sporadic rainfall in southern Madagascar, in part due to increased humidity.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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